Article 4(2) of the Treaty on the European Union, in its novel formulation provided by the Treaty of Lisbon, requires the Union to “respect Member States’ national identities, inherent in their fundamental structures, political and constitutional, including regional … [Read more...]

This paper has two aims. First, we examine how relevant democracy is as a normative standard in academic textbook evaluations of international institutions and how the relevance of democracy-based evaluations has changed over time. Second, we are interested in what … [Read more...]

This paper examines the effects that the reception of decisions of international organizations and bodies in EU law may have in procedural standards followed in EU law and practice, such as participation and transparency. Illustrative examples shed light on the practical … [Read more...]

This paper explores Subsidiarity as a constitutional principle in international law. A principle of subsidiarity regulates how to allocate or use authority within a political or legal order, and holds that the burden of argument lies with attempts to centralize authority. In EU … [Read more...]

This paper analyzes the politicization of international institutions, that is, a process in which international institutions become salient and controversial on the level of mass politics. Differentiating between dissenting and supportive acts of politicization, the paper matches … [Read more...]