The two main reasons why democracy won the contest for the leading legitimacy claim in the modern world are its capacity to generate loyalty and its self-correction potential. In order to use these virtues, the European Commission (conceptualised as the government of the EU) … [Read more...]

This article scrutinizes the last ten years of the academic debate on EU citizenship law taking nine fundamental disagreements among scholars as staring points. It explores EU citizenship’s relationship with three groups of issues of fundamental importance, including the … [Read more...]

Article 4(2) of the Treaty on the European Union, in its novel formulation provided by the Treaty of Lisbon, requires the Union to “respect Member States’ national identities, inherent in their fundamental structures, political and constitutional, including regional … [Read more...]

This paper has two aims. First, we examine how relevant democracy is as a normative standard in academic textbook evaluations of international institutions and how the relevance of democracy-based evaluations has changed over time. Second, we are interested in what … [Read more...]

This paper examines the effects that the reception of decisions of international organizations and bodies in EU law may have in procedural standards followed in EU law and practice, such as participation and transparency. Illustrative examples shed light on the practical … [Read more...]