Tax Multilateralism and national tax legislation. Taxes play a central role in economic competition between countries. On the one hand, low taxes attract investment as well as labor, while on the other hand, high tax revenues enable the state to act effectively. The taxing countries face a common challenge in capturing mobile sources of tax revenue, particularly corporate profits. This is why the international community launched the initiative against base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) in 2012 and has since been working multilaterally to safeguard corporate tax revenues by limiting tax competition and combating tax avoidance. In 2021, nearly 140 countries agreed, within the Inclusive Framework, on the so-called Two-Pillar model, which includes Pillar One for the global redistribution of tax revenues and Pillar Two for the global minimum tax. After the United States withdrew from the Global Tax Deal in 2025, the question came up what multilateralism can realistically achieve in tax law and how the work should proceed. Although the OECD was able to resolve the conflict with the United States in early 2026, little remains of the original concept of the global minimum tax, and further changes of the OECD model rules have been announced. For the countries participating in the Inclusive Framework this poses the challenge of continuously adapting the national tax law. For future efforts by international organizations (OECD/UN) to coordinate the further development of international tax law, the question arises regarding the objectives and instruments for influencing the tax policies of sovereign states. Despite the considerable effort invested in developing the model rules for the global minimum tax, there has been no significant discussion of the instruments available to achieve the objectives of a new global tax order. The validity of the multilateral agreements, their necessary scope, and the importance of their uniform implementation are all crucial considerations.