Jean Monnet Center at NYU School of Law



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Table 5

Article 177 Activity by Court of Reference and Policy Domain


A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M

Belgium














Tribunal de travail

0

0

0

0

55

5

0

1

8

0

0

0

0

Tribunal de premiere instance

9

10

5

3

0

0

0

6

10

3

1

0

1

Rechtbank van eerste aanleg

8

9

4

1

1

1

2

1

0

6

2

0

2

Cour de travail

0

0

0

0

17

3

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

Hof van cassatie

4

3

1

0

1

1

0

2

1

2

1

0

0

Tribunal de commerce

5

3

8

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

3

Cour de cassation

1

0

2

0

10

1

0

2

1

0

0

0

0

Cour d'appel

4

3

4

0

0

0

0

3

2

3

0

0

2

Denmark














Oestre Landsret

6

9

3

0

1

1

1

1

0

12

3

1

2

Hojesteret

1

2

0

0

0

4

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

So-og Handelsretten

2

1

2

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Vestre Landsret

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

France














Tribunal de grande instance

45

25

22

4

3

0

6

5

1

20

1

1

10

Cour d'appel

29

13

11

1

15

1

3

9

3

2

1

2

6

Cour de cassation

8

6

3

2

17

1

0

4

1

2

2

0

1

Tribunal d'instance

15

16

2

0

0

0

1

0

0

6

0

1

1

Tribunal administratif

1

22

0

1

0

0

0

4

5

1

0

0

0

Commission de premiere instance

0

0

0

0

11

0

0

0

3

2

0

0

0

Tribunal de police

9

5

7

0

0

5

0

2

0

0

4

0

3

Tribunal de commerce

8

6

19

1

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

2

Germany














Finanzgerict

127

156

4

15

0

1

0

2

0

49

4

7

11

Bundesfinanzhof

84

42

0

5

0

0

0

0

1

19

0

2

1

Verwaltungsgericht

11

73

6

6

0

1

0

3

14

3

0

6

4

Bundesgerichtshof

8

3

7

0

1

0

0

4

0

1

2

0

1

Greece














Collegial Tribunal of First Instance

0

2

1

0

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

Administrative Tribunal

1

2

0

0

0

0

0

2

1

2

0

0

0

Court of Appeal

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

Ireland














High Court

4

10

1

0

1

3

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

Supreme Court

1

6

3

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

Italy














Tribunale civile e penale

26

33

13

3

0

0

0

4

1

16

2

3

1

Pretura

17

34

5

0

2

2

5

6

4

11

0

0

7

Pretura circondariale

14

6

5

0

0

7

11

6

3

3

2

1

11

Corte suprema

10

17

0

2

4

0

0

0

0

1

0

3

0

Tribunale amminstrativo regionale

6

10

7

1

0

0

3

5

1

0

0

0

9

Luxembourg














Conseil d'Etat

1

4

0

0

0

0

0

3

2

1

0

0

2

Cour de cassation

2

0

0

0

2

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

Netherlands














College van Beroep voor het Bedrijfsleven

19

58

0

3

0

0

0

4

2

2

3

6

0

Arrondissementsrechtbank

23

17

8

2

9

2

2

2

1

3

1

0

6

Hoge Road

7

2

5

0

7

4

1

5

3

21

0

0

12

Gerechtshof

15

8

8

1

2

1

3

2

1

15

0

0

3

Central Raad van Beroep

0

1

0

0

34

3

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

Tareifcommissie

19

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

Raad van Beroep

0

0

0

0

21

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Portugal














Supremo Tribunal Adminstrative

4

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

Tribunal Fiscal Aduaneiro

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

Spain














Tribunal Superior de Justicia

5

0

2

0

3

1

0

3

1

2

0

0

1

Audienca Nacional

2

1

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

Juzgado de lo Penal

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

UK














High Court of Justice

14

31

4

2

6

8

0

8

6

5

3

3

5

Court of Appeal

5

4

0

0

7

9

1

2

3

0

0

1

0

House of Lords

4

0

0

0

1

5

1

0

0

1

1

0

1

Social Security Commissioner

0

0

0

0

12

5

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

Magistrate's Court

8

2

0

0

0

1

1

0

2

0

1

0

0

Value Added Tax Tribunal

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0

0

1


A=Free movement of goods; B=Agriculture; C=Competition & Dumping; D=External Policy; E=Social Security; F=Social Provisions; G=Environment; H=Establishment; I=Free movement of workers; J=Taxes; K=Transporation; L=Common policy; M=Approximation of laws. We have only included those courts which have generated at least 3 references and account for at least 5 percent of the total number of references in that member-state.


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