Jean Monnet Center at NYU School of Law



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Table 4: Art. 177 References: Actual Number, Proportional Share, and Percentage Difference by Legal Subject Matter


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Austria

-0.05%

-0.05%

-0.05%

-0.05%

-0.05%

0.55%

-0.05%

Actual number Proportional share

0 0.4

0 0.4

0 0.1

0 0.3

0 0.2

1 0.1

0 0.2

Belgium

-4.89%

-6.83%

1.79%

-3.22%

17.56%

0.22%

-6.61%

Actual number Proportional share

42 74.8

33 85.1

29 25.0

5 7.0

112 43.5

19 18.4

2 4.9

Denmark

-0.57%

-0.10%

0.17%

-2.07%

-1.81%

6.92%

0.21%

Actual number Proportional share

10 13.8

15 15.7

5 4.6

0 1.3

1 8.0

15 3.4

1 0.9

France

0.23%

-3.72%

13.72%

-1.21%

-4.01%

-12.90%

5.64%

Actual number Proportional share

116 114.3

102 130.0

69 38.2

10 10.7

51 66.4

7 28.5

10 7.5

Germany

9.32%

13.54%

-11.03%

15.8%

-5.62%

-6.28%

-27.96%

Actual number Proportional share

265 202.3

334 230.0

43 67.5

29 18.9

96 117.6

40 50.3

1 13.3

Greece

-0.73%

-0.26%

-0.29%

-1.18%

-0.67%

-0.58%

-1.18%

Actual number Proportional share

3 7.9

7 8.9

2 2.6

0 0.8

2 4.6

1 2.0

0 0.5

Ireland

-0.38%

1.23%

0.66%

-1.13%

-0.61%

1.87%

-1.13%

Actual number Proportional share

5 7.5

18 8.6

4 2.5

0 0.7

2 4.4

5 1.9

0 0.5

Italy

-0.82%

1.71%

2.27%

-0.66%

-11.82%

-7.97%

32.10%

Actual number Proportional share

84 89.4

115 101.6

35 29.9

8 8.4

6 51.9

9 22.2

20 5.9

Luxembourg

-0.30%

-0.39%

-0.60%

-1.05%

-0.28%

-0.45%

-1.05%

Actual number Proportional share

5 8.8

5 10.0

1 2.9

0 0.8

3 5.1

1 2.2

0 0.6

Netherlands

-1.43%

-2.34%

-4.45%

0.02%

5.73%

2.50%

1.64%

Actual number Proportional share

86 95.5

91 108.6

22 31.9

9 8.9

78 55.5

28 23.8

7 6.3

Portugal

0.51%

-0.54%

1.25%

-0.54%

-0.28%

-0.54%

-0.54%

Actual number Proportional share

7 3.6

0 4.1

4 1.2

0 0.3

1 2.1

0 0.9

0 0.2

Spain

0.27%

-1.11%

1.31%

-1.37%

-0.09%

-0.77%

-1.37%

Actual number Proportional share

11 9.2

2 10.4

6 3.1

0 0.9

5 5.3

1 2.3

0 0.6

Sweden

0.19%

-0.11%

-0.11%

-0.11%

-0.11%

-0.11%

-0.11%

Actual number Proportional share

2 0.7

0 0.8

0 0.2

0 0.1

0 0.4

0 0.1

0 0.1

UK

-1.34%

-1.04%

-4.63%

-3.24%

2.05%

17.54%

0.41%

Actual number Proportional share

34 42.9

41 48.8

4 14.3

2 4.0

33 24.9

40 10.7

3 2.8


A=Free Movement of Goods; B=Agriculture; C=Competition & Dumping; D=External Policy; E=Social Security; F=Social Provisions; G=Environment. Actual number indicates the number of art. 177 references in that legal domain for each member-state. Proportional share entries are the number of cases that each member-state would have registered in each legal domain if there were no difference between overall litigation rates for each member-state and rates of litigation for each member-state in each policy area. Thus, if a Member State accounts for 12% of the references overall we assigned a Proportional share of 12% of the references in each policy area to that Member State. In other words Proportional share is the "table of no association" (the basis of the chi-squared test). Bold entries are "Percentage differences," which are calculated the following way: (Actual number-Proportional share)/total number of references in the legal domain. These entries are indicative of the positive or negative extent to which litigants are attacking the rules of a particular member-state in a particular legal domain relative to other member-states and other areas.


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