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Bibliography

Books and Articles

• Bebchuk, Lucian Arye. The Pursuit of a Bigger Pie: Can Everyone Expect a Bigger Slice, 8 Hofstra L. Rev. 671 (1980).
• Berger, Joseph Robert. Note, Unilateral Trade Measures to Conserve the World's Living Resources: an Environmental Breakthrough for the GATT in the WTO Sea Turtle Case, 24 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 355 (1999).
• Bhagwati, Jagdish. Trade and the Environment: The False Conflict?, in Trade and the Environment: Law, Economics, and Policy 159 (Durwood Zaelke et al. eds., 1993).
• Baron, Jane B. and Dunoff, Jeffrey L. Against Market Rationality: Moral Critiques of Economic Analysis in Legal Theory, 17 Cardozo L. Rev. 431 (1996).
• Bernazani, Jennifer A. Note, The Eagle, the Turtle, the Shrimp and the WTO: Implications for the Future of Environmental Trade Measures, 15 Conn. J. Int'l L. 207 (1999).
• Chang, Howard F. Toward a Greener GATT: Environmental Trade Measures and the Shrimp-Turtle Case, 74 S. Cal. L. Rev. 31 (2000).
  ---. Carrots, Sticks, and International Externalities, 17 Int'l Rev. L & Econ 309 (1997).
  ---. Trade Measures to Protect the Global Environment, 83 Geo. L.J. 2131 (1995).
• Charnovitz, Steve. Environment and Health under WTO Dispute Settlement, 32 Int'l Law. 901 (1998).
  ---. The World Trade Organization, Meat Hormones and Food Safety, 14 Int'l Trade Rep. (BNA), No. 41, 1781 (Oct. 15, 1997).
  ---. Trade Measures and the Design of International Regimes, 5 J. Env't & Dev., No. 2, 168 (1996)
• Cho, Sungjoon. Gasoline: United States - Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, 9 Eur. J. Int'l Law 192 (1998) available at <http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol9/No1/sr1a.html> (visited Mar. 14,2001).
• Coase, Ronald. The Problem of Social Cost, 3 J. L. & Econ. 1 (1960).
• Dailey, Virginia. Comment, Sustainable Development: Reevaluating the Trade vs. Turtles Conflict at the WTO, 9 J. Transnat'l L. & Pol'y 331 (2000).
• Deardorff, Alan. V. International Conflict and Coordination in Environmental Policies, in Economic Dimensions in International Law: Comparative and Empirical Perspectives 248 (Jagdeep S. Bhandari and Alan. O. Sykes eds., 1997)
• Dunoff, Jeffery L.and Trachtman, Joel P., Economic Analysis of International Law, 24 Yale. J. Int'l Law 1 (1999).
  ---. Rethinking International Trade, U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ, L. 347 (1998).
  ---. Reconciling International Trade with Preservation of the Global Commons: Can We Prosper and Protect?, 49 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1407, 1449-50 (1992).
• Esty, Daniel C. Greening the GATT: Trade, Environment and the Future (1994).
• Farbar, Daniel A. and Hudec Robert E. GATT Legal Restraints on Domestic Environmental Regulations, in Fair Trade and Harmonization, Volume 2: Legal Analysis 59 (Jagdish Bhagwati and Robert E. Hudec eds. 1996).
  ---. Free Trade and the Regulatory State: A GATT's-Eye View of the Dormant Commerce Clause, 47 Vand. L. Rev. 1401 (1994).
• Friedman, D. Richard. Economic Analysis of Evidentiary Law: an Underused Tool, an Underplowed Field, 19 Cardozo L. Rev. 1531 (1998).
• Gracia, Frank J. The Global Market and Human Rights: Trading Away the Human Rights Principle, 25 Brook. J. Int'l L. 51 (1999).
• Grosko, Brett. Note, Just When is it that a unilateral trade ban satisfies the GATT?: the WTO Shrimp and Shrimp products case, 5 Envtl. Law. 817 (1999).
• Guruswamy, Lakshman. The Annihilation of Sea Turtles: World Trade Organization Intransigence and U.S. Equivocation, 30 Envtl. L. Rep. 10261 (2000)
• Hardin G. The Tragedy of the Commons, in Managing The Commons (San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1977).
• Hay, Bruce L. Allocating the Burden of Proof, 72 Ind. L. J. 651 (1997).
  ---, and Kathryn E. Spier. Burdens of Proof in Civil Litigation: An Economic Perspective, 26 J. Legal Stud. 413, 425 (1997).
• Hicks, J.R. The Foundations of Welfare Analysis, 49 Econ. J. 696 (1939).
• Howse, Robert. The World Trade Organization and the Protection of Worker' Rights, 3 J. Small & Emerging Bus. L. 131 (1999).
  ---, and Trebilcock Michael J. The Fair Trade-Free Trade Debate: Trade, Labor, and the Environment, 16 Int'l Rev. L. & Econ 61 (1996).
• Hudec, Robert E. GATT Legal Restraints on the Use of Trade Measures against Foreign Environmental Practices, in Fair Trade and Harmonization, Volume 2: Legal Analysis 95 (Jagdish Bhagwati and Robert E. Hudec eds. 1996).
• Jackson, John H. Greening the GATT: Trade Rules and Environmental Policy, in Trade & Environment: The Search for Balance, Volume I, 20 (James Cameron et al. eds. 1994).
  ---. World Trade Rules and Environmental Policies: Congruence or Conflict?, 49 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 1227 (1992).
• Kaldor, Nicholas. Welfare Propositions in Economics, 49 Econ. J. 549 (1939).
• Kelman, Steven. Cost-Benefit Analysis--An Ethical Critique, Regulation, January 1981, 33.
• Kometani, Kazumochi. Trade and Environment: How should WTO Panels Review Environmental Regulations Under GATT Article III and XX?, 16 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 441 (1996).
• Landes, William M. and Posner , Richard A. An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law, 18 J. Leg. Stud. 325, 344-53 (1989).
• Lee, Thomas R. Pleading and Proof: the Economics of Legal Burdens, 1997 B.Y.U. L. Rev. 1 (1997).
• Master, Julie B. Note and Comment, International Trade Domestic Environmental Protection: Dolphins and Sea Turtles are "Sacrificed on the Alter of Free Trade". 12 Temp. Int'l & Comp. L.J. 423 (1998).
• McLaughlin, Richard J. Sovereignty, Utility, and Fairness: Using U.S. Takings Law to Guide the Evolving Utilitarian Balancing Approach to Global Environmental Disputes in the WTO, 78 OR. L. REV. 855 (1999).
• Merges, Robert P. et al. Intellectual Property in the New Technological Age (2^nd ed. 2000).
• Milgrom, Paul. Is Sympathy an Economic Value? Philosophy, Economics, and the Contingent Valuation Method, in Contingent Valuation: A Critical Assessment 417 (Jerry. A. Hausman ed., 1993).
• Neuling, Bruce. The Shrimp-Turtle Case: Implications for Article XX of GATT and the Trade and Environment Debate, 22 Loy. L. A. Int'l & Comp. L. J. (1999)
• Nordstrom, Hakan and Vaughan, Scott. Trade and Environment (WTO Special Studies 4, 1999).
• Pearce, David. The Greening of the GATT: Some Economic Considerations, in Trade & Environment: The Search for Balance, Volume I, 20 (James Cameron et al. eds. 1994).
• Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich. The GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System: International Law, International Organizations and Dispute Settlement (1997).
• Pindyck, Robert S. and Rubinfeld, Daniel L. Microeconomics 588 (4^th ed, 1997).
• Posner, Richard A. An Economic Approach to the Law of Evidence, 51 Stan. L. Rev. 1477 (1999).
  ---. Economic Analysis of Law 14 (5^th ed 1998).
• Puls, Bret. Note, The Murky Waters of International Environmental Jurisprudence: a Critique of Recent WTO Holding in the Shrimp/Turtle Controversy, 8 Minn. J. Global Trade 343 (1999).
• Quick, Reinhard and Bluthner, Andreas. Has the Appellate Body Erred? An Appraisal and Criticism of the Ruling in the WTO Hormones Case, 2 J. Int'l Econ. L. 603 (1999).
• Sagoff, Mark. Economic Theory and Environmental Law, 79 Mich. L. Rev. 1393 (1981).
• Sampson, Gary R. Trade, Environment, and the WTO: the Post-Seattle Agenda (2000).
• Sanchirico, William Chris. The Burden of Proof in Civil Litigation: A Simple Model of Mechanism Design, 17 Int'l Rev. L. & Econ. 431 (1997).
• Shaffer, Gregory. International Trade-WTO-Quantitative Restrictions-Environmental Protection-Endangered Species-U.S. Import Ban on Shrimp, 93 Am. J. Int'l L. 507 (1999).
• Schoenbaum, Thomas J. International Trade and Protection of the Environment: the Continuing Search for Reconciliation, 91 Am. J. Int'l L. 268 (1997).
• Simmons, Benjamin. Note, In Search of Balance: An Analysis of the WTO Shrimp/Turtle Appellate Body Report, 24 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 413 (1999).
• Stewart, Richard B. International Trade and Environment: Lessons from the Federal Experience, 49 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1329 (1992).
• Stewart, Terence P. and Johanson David S. The SPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization and International Organizations: The Roles of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Plant Protection Convention, and the International Office of Epizootics, 26 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 29 (1998).
• Subramanian, Arvind. Trade Measures for Environment: A Nearly Empty Box?, World Econ., Jan. 1992, 135.
• Sunstein, Cass R. Incommensurability and Valuation in Law, 92 Mich. L. Rev. 779 (1994).
• Trachtman, Joel P. United States - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, 6 November 1998, 10 Eur. J. Int'l Law 192 (1999) available at <http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol10/No1/sr4.html> (visited Mar. 14, 2001).
  ---. The Domain of WTO Dispute Resolution, 40 Harv. Int'l L.J. 333 (1999).
  ---. Trade and ... Problems, Cost-benefit Analysis and Subsidiarity, 9 Eur. J. Int'l L. 32 (1998).
• Victor David G. The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement of the World Trade Organization: An Assessment After Five Years, 32 N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. & Pol. 865 (2000).
• Waincymer, Jeffery. Reformulated Gasoline under Reformulated WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures: Pulling Pandora out of a Chapeau, 18 Mich. J. Int'l L. 141 (1996).
• Weiler, Joseph. H. H. The Rule of Lawyers and the Ethos of Diplomats: Reflections on the Internal and External Legitimacy of WTO Dispute Settlement, Harvard Jean Monnet Working Paper No.9/00 (2000), available at <http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/00/000901.html> (visited April 26, 2001).
• Wofford, Carry. A Greener Future at the WTO: the Refinement of WTO Jurisprudence on Environmental Exceptions to GATT, 24 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 563 (1999).
• Whalley, John. The Interface between Environmental and Trade Policies, 101 Econ. J. 180 (1991).

GATT/WTO Cases

• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: European Communities -Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, WT/DS135/AB/R (Mar. 12, 2001) available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15. 2001).
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: Australia - Measure Affecting Importation of Salmon, WT/DS18/AB/R (Oct. 20, 1998) available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Panel: Argentina - Measure Affecting the Export of Bovine Hide and the Import of Finished Leather, WT/DS155/R (Dec. 19, 2000), available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: Korea - Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled, and Frozen Beef, WT/DS161/AB/R, WT/DS169/AB/R (Dec. 11, 2000), available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Panel: European Communities -Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, WT/DS135/R (Sep. 18, 2000) available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15. 2001).
• WTO Report of the Panel: Canada - Patent Protection of Pharmaceutical Products, WT/DS114/R (Mar. 17, 2000), available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: Chile - Taxes on Alcohol Beverages, WT/DS/87/AB/R, WT/DS/110/AB/R (Dec. 13, 1999), available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001)
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: Japan - Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WT/DS76/AB/R (Feb. 22, 1999) available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Panel: Japan - Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WT/DS76/R (Oct. 27, 1998) available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: United States-Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, WT/DS58/AB/R (Oct. 12, 1998), reprinted in 38 I.L.M. 118 (1999).
• WTO Report of the Panel: Australia - Measure Affecting Importation of Salmon, WT/DS18/R (Jun. 12, 1998) available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Panel: United States - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, WT/DS58/R (May 15, 1998), reprinted in 37 I.L.M. 832.
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), WT/DS26/AB/R, WT/DS48/AB/R (Jan. 16, 1998), available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Panel: EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), WT/DS26/R/USA (Aug. 18, 1997), available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: United States - Shirts and Blouses from India, WT/DS33/AB/R (Apr. 25, 1997), available at http://www.wto.org (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of Appellate Body: Japan -Taxes on Alcohol Beverages, WT/DS8/AB/R. WT/DS10/AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R (adopted Nov. 1, 1996), available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• WTO Report of the Appellate Body: United States-Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, WT/DS2/AB/R (Apr. 29, 1996), reprinted in 35 I.L.M. 603 (1996).
• WTO Report of the Panel: United States - Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, WT/DS2/R (Jan. 29, 1996) available at <http://www.wto.org> (last visited Mar. 15, 2001).
• GATT Dispute Settlement Panel Report: United States- Restrictions on Imports of Tuna, GATT Doc. DS 29/R (June 16, 1994) (not adopted), reprinted in 33 I.L.M. 839 (1994).
• GATT Dispute Settlement Panel Report: United States- Restriction on Imports on Tuna, GATT Doc. DS21/R (August 16, 1991) (not adopted), GATT BISD (39^th Supp.) 155 (1993).
• GATT Dispute Settlement Panel Report: United States - Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (adopted on 7 November 1989) GATT BISD (39^th Supp.) 345.
• GATT Dispute Settlement Panel Report: Canada - Measures Affecting Exports of Unprocessed Herring and Salmon (adopted on 22 March 1988), GATT BISD (35^th Supp.) 98.

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