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Enhanced Cooperations in the Treaty of Amsterdam: Some Critical Remarks

[1] Adviser, Spanish Prime Minister´s Office; Lecturer on EC Law, Instituto Ortega y Gasset, Madrid. This paper was presented at the Conference on "Rethinking Constitutionalism in the European Union", organized by the Copenhagen Research Project on European Integration, in Copenhagen, March 19-20, 1998. All the opinions expressed in it are personal.

• 1 Introduction
• 2 European integration in the nineties and the move to flexibility
• 3 Negotiating in the 1996-97 IGC enhanced cooperations rules
• 4 Enhanced cooperations: some political consequences
• 5 Conclusions
• APPENDIX I: PROVISIONS ON ENHANCED COOPERATIONS

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